In Panama, on November 28, the declaration of Independence from Spain is celebrated. This emancipatory process took place from November 10 to 28, 1821, ending more than three centuries of Spanish rule, marking the beginning of a new era.
The Rise of the Rebellion
The desire for independence in Panama did not arise overnight. As in other American nations, revolutionary and independence ideas began to emerge, fueled by a series of disagreements accumulated over time. Factors such as the abuse of rulers, the economic crisis caused by the restrictions imposed by Spain, and political changes in Europe, such as the French Revolution and the weakness of Spain due to Napoleon’s invasions, created the perfect ingredients for rebellion.
Mass Discontent with the Spanish Crown
The economy of the Isthmus of Panama, favored by trade with other nations, experienced a resurgence at the beginning of the 19th century. However, Spain’s measures and the intensification of the battles for independence generated massive discontent in the population, mired in war tributes, forced conscriptions and trade restrictions. Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1808 further weakened the Spanish Crown and sparked independence movements in America.
The Independence of Panama
The independence feat began with the First Cry of Independence on November 10, 1821 at La Villa de Los Santos. The leadership of Colonel Segundo Villarreal and the participation of other towns such as Nata de los Caballeros, Penonome, Ocu and Parita, marked the beginning of a movement that would quickly expand throughout the region. Panama City declared its independence on November 28 of the same year, and shortly after, Santiago de Veraguas joined the Republic of Colombia, led by Simon Bolívar.
Consequences of the Independence
Panama’s independence from Spain had a significant impact on the country’s history and future. The voluntary union with Gran Colombia, commanded by Simon Bolivar, marked the beginning of a new stage in which Panamanians sought to consolidate their independence and contribute to the South American unity project. Although the union with Colombia was a valuable experience, Panama eventually chose to separate from Colombia in 1903, seeking its own destiny and consolidating its position as a sovereign nation.
